Preparati

BILJNI PREPARATI DIVIZME:

TINKTURA – DIVIZMA HSS, hidroetanolni tečni ekstrakt od delova sušene biljke DER 1:5,

MATIČNA TINKTURA – DIVIZMA TM, hidroetanolni tečni ekstrakt od delova sveže biljke DER 1:1, 1:2,

 ULJANI MACERAT – DIVIZMA OL DER 1:4.

 

ATC:

– ekspektorans,

 

U skladu sa:

Eu. Ph. 2015  monografijom: 1853 Verbasci flos

EMEA/HMPC/395213/2007, Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC) od 03.07.2008.: Community herbal monograph on Verbascum Thapsus L., V. densiflorum Bertol., V. phlomoides L., flos/ patelis, folium,

EMA/HMPC/395206/2007, Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC) od 03.07.2008.: Assessment report on Verbascum Thapsus L., V. densiflorum Bertol., V. phlomoides L., flos/ patelis, folium, with traditional use

Fr. Ph. 2012 ANSM Verbascum Thapsus ad praeparationes homoeopathicas

(BOUILLON BLANC POUR PRÉPARATIONS HOMÉOPATHIQUES) methode 1.1.10 (2371).

 

Biljni preparati u tečnom obliku (nerazblaženi ili razblaženi) za oralnu i lokalnu upotrebu.

 

a) Verbascum Thapsus L., flos/ patelis, (Mullein fresh flower/ petals),

b) Verbascum Thapsus L., folium (mullein fresh leaf).

 

Sastav:

a) tečni ekstrat (DER 1:1), ekstrakcioni rastvarač etanol 51% (v/v),

b) tečni ekstrat (DER 1:2), ekstrakcioni rastvarač etanol 65% (v/v),

c) tečni ekstrat (DER 1:4), ekstrakcioni rastvarač maslinovo ulje (ili drugo odgovarajuće biljno ulje).

 

Verbascum Thapsus L., sadrži 118 *(144) hemijskih jedinjenja koja ispoljavaju 437 *(474) istraženih dejstava (*podaci ažorirani juna 2016).

 

Sadržaj:

a) minimalno: minimum 0,015% ukupnih flavonoida, izraženih kao cinarozid/ luteolin-7-glukozid (cynaroside/ luteolin-7-glucoside), Molecular Fornula: C₂₁H₂₀O₁₁, Molecular Weight: 448,3769 g/mol⁻¹),

b) u većoj koncentraciji sadrži fenolne kiseline, arahidinsku, behensku, kafeinsku, linolnu (najviše posle Silybum marianum i Cornus mas), palmitinsku i stearinsku kiselinu, saponine, aminokiseline, slobodne šećere, sluz, flavonoide, glikozide, …

c) više od svih biljaka sadrži aukubin (Aucubin), palmitinsku kiselinu, lateriozide i acetozide,

d) list sadrži do 56% vode.

 

Indikacije:

Biljni preparati su namenjeni poboljšanju opšteg stanja organizma kroz razna naučno dokazana dejstva.

Upotreba kod respiratornih i kožnih tegoba.

 

Dr. Džems Djuk (Dr. James Duke) u Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2nd Ed. (2002). CRC Press, navodi sledeće:

 

– ima jako dejstvo kod:

ublažavanja simptoma upale grla povezanih sa suvim kašljom i nazebom, akutnog otitisa , bronhitisa, katara respiratornog trakta i kašlja, …

 

– delotvoran kod:

astme, kongestije, grčeva, dermatoza, dijareje, dizurije, otitisa, bolova u ušima, ekcema, enteritisa, gripa, hemoroida, herpesa, gripa – influence, infekcije, obilne sekrecije mukusa,  neuralgija, respiratornih tegoba, infekcija i bolova u grlu, traheitisa, tuberkuloze, infekcija urogenitalnog trakta (UTI), virusnih infekcija, povreda i rana, bronhitisa, katara, grčeva, dermatoza,  iinflamacija gornjih respiratornih puteva, kože, mukoza, neuralgija, …

 

– u narodnoj medicini kod:

apscesa,  adenopatije, alopecije, amenoreje, artroza, atletskog stopala, ujeda, opekotina, kalkuloza, Ca.(cerviksa, žlezda, želuca), kolere, nazeba i prehlade, kolika, konvulzija, cistitisa, difterije, hidropsije, dizenterije, eneureze, erizipela, groznice, furunkula, gastritisa, hemoptize, hepatitisa, histerije, induracije, insomnije, laringitisa, mesečarenja, malarije, migrena, nefritisa, nervne napetosti, oftalmije, otitisa, parotitisa, faringitisa, reumatizma, skabijesa, otoka, za ispiranje usta, kod retencije tečnosti, infekcije parazitima (crvima), Tu, modrica, lakrimacije, osipa od vrućine i drugih , bradavica, nagluvosti, sinkope, uganuća, svraba, štucanja, kokcitisa, zapalenja cerviksa, šuge,  tinitusa – zujanja u ušima, … 

 

– spoljašnja primena kod:

bolova u uhu, hemoroida, reume,  … kao antiseptik, kozmetik (kosa), modrica, povreda i rana,…

 

– upotrebljava se kao:

ekspektorans, diuretik, antioksidans (ima veću aktivnost od α-tokoferola), antihelmintik , adstrigent, antispazmodik, antivirotik (antiherpetik – Herpes simplex, influenza A/ B, ), demulcent, vulnerar, antiinflamatik, dekongestiv, analgetik, …  emolient, sedativ, za smirivanje nervne napetosti, za razbijanje i izbacivanje sluzi, narkotik,

 

Monografija nemačke E komisije (Commission E Monographs), terapijski vodič za biljne lekove, preporučuje Verbascum spp. kod katara respiratornog trakta, upala paranazalnih sinusa i simptomatsku upotrebu kod kašlja i zapaljenja grla (suvi kašalj, kongestija, drhtavica, sluz).

 

Doziranje i način primene:

2 mL (80 kapi) podeljeno u 2 do 4 doze.

Biljni preparat DIVIZMA HSS i TM:

pojedinačna doza: 0,5-1 mL, preporučena dnevna doza (PDD): 2 mL.

Oralna (sat vremena pre obroka) i lokalna primena.

Biljni preparat DIVIZMA OL:

upotreba na koži, aplicirati na obolelo mesto u tankom sloju ili obliku impregniranog zavoja.

 

Napraviti pauzu posle 4 nedelje neprekidne upotrebe.

Po preporukama, preparat postiže najbolje efekte pri upotrebi od 8 do 12 nedelja, duža upotreba je bezbedna uz pauze.

 

Kontraindikacije:

preosetljivost na aktivne supstance,

preosetljivost na biljke porodice (genus Verbascum, family Scrophulariaceae).

 

Čuvanje:

na tamnom, suvom i hladnom mestu do 20˚C, van domašaja dece i izlaganja EM zračenju,  u dobro zatvorenoj originalnoj ambalaži.

 

Rok upotrebe:

5 godina, ulje 2 godine, posle prvog otvaranja 6 meseci.

 

Pakovanje:

50 mL i 100 mL, farmaceutske braon bočice standarno, 250 mL, 500 mL, 1L i 5 L na zahtev.

 

Nutritivne informacije:

DIVIZMA HSS i TM:

a) energetska vrednost u 100 mL: 1172 kJ/ 280kcal,

u preporučenoj dnevnoj dozi (PDD) 2 mL: 23,45kJ/ 5,6kcal;

suve materije (DR) više od 2,2% (HAB2005).

b) energetska vrednost u 100 mL: 1504 kJ/ 360 kcal,

u preporučenoj dnevnoj dozi (PDD) 2 mL: 30 kJ/ 7,17 kcal,

suve materije (DR) više od 1,8% (Ph. Fr).

DIVIZMA OL

energetska vrednost u  100 mL: 3389 kJ/ 810kcal,

u preporučenoj dnevnoj dozi (PDD) 2 mL: 67,78kJ/ 16,2kcal,

masti (g) 91,6/ 1,83: zasićenih (g) 13,0/ 0,26; nezasićenih (g) 70/ 1,40; polunezasićenih (g) 8,6/ 0,17.

 

Bez konzervanasa, proteina, masti i ugljenih hidrata.

DIVIZMA HSS, TM I OL su rukom rađeni proizvod. 

*Analizu na teške metale, pesticide i mikrobiološku ispravnost preparata broj 4603120601 od 29.03.2016. godine izvršila ANAHEM LABORATORIJA BEOGRAD, u sklopu preparata RESPIRO 30.

CENOVNIK

LIST

RSD 500/ 50 mL, 1000/ 100 mL, TINKTURA – DIVIZMA HSS, hidroetanolni tečni ekstrakt od delova sušene biljke DER 1:5,

RSD 400/ 100 mL, ULJANI MACERAT – DIVIZMA OL DER 1:4,

RSD 600/ 50 mL, 1200/ 100 mL, MATIČNA TINKTURA – DIVIZMA TM, hidroetanolni tečni ekstrakt od delova sveže biljke DER 1:1, 1:2.

LATICE

RSD 750/ 50 mL, 1500/ 100 mL, TINKTURA – DIVIZMA HSS, hidroetanolni tečni ekstrakt od delova sušene biljke DER 1:5,

RSD 600/ 100 mL, ULJANI MACERAT – DIVIZMA OL DER 1:4,

RSD 900/ 50 mL, 1800/ 100 mL, MATIČNA TINKTURA – DIVIZMA TM, hidroetanolni tečni ekstrakt od delova sveže biljke DER 1:1, 1:2.

Verbascum thapsus (Scrophulariaceae)Common names: Flannelplant; Mullein; Velvetplant; Flannelleaf; Great Mullein How used Medicinal
Activities: 474All Chemicals: 144	Spisak bioaktivnih jedinjenja sa največom koncentracijom	Spisak bioaktivnoih jedinjenja sa najvećim brojem dejstava
ActivityAntiinflammatory,Antioxidant,Pesticide,Cancer-Preventive, Hypocholesterolemic, Analgesic, Antitumor, Antiarthritic, Cardioprotective, Hypotensive, Antiedemic, Antiulcer, Diuretic, Hepatoprotective, Immunomodulator, Antiosteoporotic, Vasodilator, Immunostimulant, Antidiabetic, Antibacterial, Antihypertensive, Antimutagenic, Antirheumatic, Antisyndrome-X, Anxiolytic, Anticataract, Antiacne, Antitumor (Lung), Antiatherosclerotic, Antiviral, Hypoglycemic, Antifatigue, Antiarrhythmic, Antihistaminic, Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor, Antispasmodic, Anticoronary, Antiandrogenic, Antidepressant, AntiLyme, Calcium-Antagonist, Antiobesity, Antileukemic, Antiseptic, Antialopecic, Antitumor (Breast), Antistress, Laxative, Phagocytotic, Antialcoholic Antimigraine, Antiepileptic, Antimaculitic, Allergenic, Antiallergic, Antiaggregant, Antimenopausal, Anticlimacteric, Antimigraine, Antiepileptic, Antimaculitic, Allergenic, Antiallergic, Antiaggregant, Antimenopausal, Anticlimacteric, 5-Alpha-Reductase-Inhibitor, Antialzheimeran, Antiinsomniac, Antimetastatic, Antifeedant, Antidecubitic, Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker, Hypolipidemic, Cytotoxic, AntiHIV, Antiprostaglandin, Vulnerary, Anticervicaldysplasic, Antileukotriene, Choleretic, Piscicide, Insulinogenic, Antiinsomniac, Antidecubitic, Antimetastatic, Antifeedant, Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker, Gastroprotective, Antiplaque, Antidote (Lead), Anticanker, Antiperiodontitic, Hypolipidemic, Antiradicular,	ChemicalCARBOHYDRATESPALMITIC-ACIDLINOLEIC-ACIDWATER FIBER(DIETARY) STEARIC-ACID PALMITIC-ACID OLEIC-ACID FAT PROTEIN FIBER(CRUDE) FIBER ASH ARACHIDIC-ACID AUCUBIN CALCIUM POTASSIUM PHOSPHORUS LATERIOSIDE MUCILAGE MAGNESIUM BEHENIC-ACID KILOCALORIES THAPSIC-ACID ALUMINUM ASCORBIC-ACID SODIUM AUCUBIN VERBACOSIDE IRON NIACIN HARPAGOSIDE 3,5-DIHYDROXY-6,7-DIMETHOXY-FLAVONE AJUGOL HARPAGIDE 6-O-(ALPHA-L-(2“-ISOFERULOYL)-RHAMNOPYRANOSYL)-CATALPOL 6-O-(ALPHA-L-(3“-O-P-METHOXY-CINNAMOYL)-RHAMNOPYRANOSYL)-CATALPOL CATALPOL 6-O-(ALPHA-L-(4“-O-P-METHOXY-CINNAMOYL)-RHAMNOPYRANOSYL)-CATALPOL BETA-CAROTENE 6-O-(ALPHA-L-(3“-ISOFERULOYL)-RHAMNOPYRANOSYL)-CATALPOL 6-O-(ALPHA-L-(3“-O-P-COUMAROYL)-RHAMNOPYRANOSYL)-CATALPOL 6-O-(ALPHA-L-(2“-O-P-METHOXY-CINNAMOYL)-RHAMNOPYRANOSYL-CATALPOL 6-O-(ALPHA-L-(2“-O-P-COUMAROYL)-RHAMNOPYRANOSYL)-CATALPOL ARENARIOSIDE CATALPOL-6-O-(ALPHA-L-(3“-O-CAFFEOYL)-RHAMNOPYRANOSYL 6-O-(ALPHA-L-(2“-P-METHOXY-CINNAMOYL-3“-O-ACETYL)-RHAMNOPYRANOSYL)-CATALPOL 6-O-(ALPHA-L-ISOFERULOYL)-RHAMNOPYRANOSYL)-CATALPOL 6-O-VANILLOYL-AJUGOL 6-O-(ALPHA-L-(4“-O-P-COUMAROYL)-RHAMNOPYRANOSYL)-CATALPOL COBALT MANGANESE TIN 6-O-(ALPHA-L-(2“-FERULOYL)-RHAMNOPYRANOSYL)-CATALPOL 6-O-(ALPHA-L-(4-CAFFEOYL)-RHAMNOPYRANOSYL)-CATALPOL	ChemicalASCORBIC-ACIDZINCMAGNESIUMOLEANOLIC-ACID SELENIUM COUMARIN BETA-CAROTENE BETA-SITOSTEROL NIACIN THIAMIN HESPERIDIN CALCIUM LINOLEIC-ACID CHROMIUM LUPEOL AUCUBIN VERBASCOSIDE OLEIC-ACID FIBER RIBOFLAVIN MANGANESE SUCROSE POTASSIUM PALMITIC-ACID ROTENONE STIGMASTEROL ISORHAMNETIN ALPHA-AMYRIN CROCETIN ALPHA-AMYRIN BETA-AMYRIN BENZYL-ALCOHOL STEARIC-ACID IRON ARABINOGALACTAN HARPAGOSIDE HARPAGIDE SAPONINS ALUMINUM PHOSPHORUS SILICON TIN CATALPOL MUCILAGE ARENARIOSIDE CAMPESTEROL ALPHA-SPINASTEROL TARAXASTEROL COBALT FORSYTHOSIDE-B SODIUM BEHEID VERBASCOSE XYLOGLUCAN THAPSIC-ACID 6-O-(ALPHA-L-(2“-O-P-METHOXY-CINNAMOYL)-RHAMNOPYRANOSYL-CATALPOL LEUCOSCEPTOSIDE-B
Data by National Agricultural Library

VERBASCUM Urtinktur DHU

Stakich Mullein (Verbascum thapsus) 4 oz Liquid Extract

TINKTURA OD DIVIZME

Plant Profiler

Mullein (Verbascum phlomoides)

Synonyms / Common Names / Related Terms

Aaron’s rod, Adam’s flannel, beggar’s blanket, beggar’s flannel, beggar’s stalk, big taper, blanket herb, blanket leaf, bullock’s lungwort, candlewick plant, clot, clown’s lungwort, common mullein, cuddy’s lungs, duffle, feltwort, flannel plant, fluffweed, golden rod, great mullein, hag’s taper, hare’s taper, Jacob’s staff, jupiter’s staff, molene, mullein, mullein dock, old man’s flannel, our lady’s flannel, Peter’s staff, rag paper, Scrophulariaceae (family), shepherd’s club, shepherd’s staff, torch, torches, velvet dock, velvet plant, Verbascum densiflorum, Verbascum fruticulosum, Verbascum lychnitis, Verbascum macrurum, Verbascum nigrum, Verbascum nobile, Verbascum phlomoides, Verbascum sinaiticum, Verbascum songaricum, Verbascum thapsiforme, Verbascum thapsus, Verbascum undulatum, white mullein, wild ice, wild ice leaf, woollen, wooly mullein, wooly mullin.

Combination product examples: Naturopathic Herbal Extract Ear Drops (Allium sativum, Verbascum thapsus, Calendula flores, Hypericum perfoliatum, lavender, and vitamin E in olive oil), Otikon Otic Solution (Allium sativum, Verbascum thapsus, Calendula flores, and Hypericum perforatum in olive oil).

Note: The common name mullein is associated with many different species. The following species are covered here: Verbascum densiflorum, Verbascum fruticulosum, Verbascum lychnitis, Verbascum macrurum, Verbascum nigrum, Verbascum nobile, Verbascum phlomoides, Verbascum sinaiticum, Verbascum songaricum, Verbascum thapsiforme, Verbascum thapsus, Verbascum undulatum.

 

Mechanism of Action

Pharmacology:

• Constituents: From the aerial parts of species of mullein (Verbascum wiedemannianum Fisch. & Mey.) four phenylethanoid glycosides (wiedemanniosides B – E) were isolated along with four known compounds; 6- O-acetylmartynoside (= wiedemanniosides A), verbascoside, martynoside, echinacoside and leucosceptoside B.¹
• From the aerial parts of species of mullein (Verbascum sinaiticum, Verbascum thapsiforme, and Verbascum fruticulosum) seven saikosaponin homologues, called mulleinsaponins I-VII, having 13,28-epoxy-olean-11-ene skeleton have been isolated together with eight known saikosaponin homologues, 3-O-beta-D-fucopyranosyl saikogenin F, saikosaponin a, desrhamnosylverbascosaponin, songarosaponins C, D, mimengoside A and buddlejasaponins I, IV.²
• From the aerial parts of a species of mullein (Verbascum macrurum) a potent antioxidant, acteoside, a polyhydroxylated phenylpropanoid glycoside derivative, was isolated.³
• From the flowers of a species of mullein (Verbascum phlomoides) an iridoid ester glycoside acylated with p-coumaric acid was isolate along with caffeic acid esters, verbascocide and forsythoside B. Also a saponin was also identified as desrhamnosylverbascosaponin.⁴
• A-galctosidase was extracted from the roots of a species of mullein (Verbascum thapsus L.).^5,6,6
• Amino acids, flavonoids, free sugars, iridoids, mucilages, phenolic acids and saponins have been extracted from the flowers of a species of mullein (Verbascum thapsiforme).⁷ Also, two triterpenoid saponins songarosaponin E, F and buddlejasaponin I have been isolated and identified as 3-O-([β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1–>4)-β-D- glucopyranosyl-(1–>3)]-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1–>2)]-β-D-fucopyranosyl)-olea-11,13-diene-3 β, 23,28-triol, 3-O-([β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1–>4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1–>3)]-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1–>2)]-β-D-fucopyranosyl)-olea-11,13-diene-3 β, 16 β, 23,28-tetrol and 3-O-([alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1–>4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1–>3)]-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1–>2)]- β-D-fucopyranosyl)-13 β, 28-epoxyolea-11-ene-3 β, 16 β, 23-triol from the aerial parts of the species (Verbascum songaricum).⁸
• Verbalactone was isolated from the roots of a species of mullein (Verbascum undulatum).⁹ Sucrose cerebrosides were isolated from common mullein.¹⁰
• Forsythoside B, a phenylethanoid triglycoside acylated with caffeic acid has been isolated in the mullein species (Verbascum densiflorum, V. lychnitis, V. nigrum, V. phlomoides).⁴
• The roots and the seeds of mullein contain a sapotoxin called rotenone, however the reports do not specify a specific quantity.
• Mullein may contain mucilage, gum, saponins, volatile oil, the flavonoids (hesperidin, verbascoside), glycosides (aucubin), caffeic acid derivatives (caffeic, ferulic, protocatechuic acids and verbascoside), sterols and tannis.
• Some sources have claimed that mullein contains coumarins, however this is not supported by currently available clinical data.
• Antibacterial activity: Mullein (Verbascum sinaiticum) has shown antimicrobial activity against strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Trichophyton mentagrophytes.¹¹ Antibacterial activity of mullein (Verbascum thapsus) was observed with Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli.¹²
• Antioxidant activity: A species of mullein (Verbascum macrurum) has shown to have more potent antioxidant activity than α-tocopherol. Assessment of antioxidant activities of ten constituents established that acteoside, a polyhydroxylated phenylpropanoid glycoside derivative, is the most potent free radical scavenger and showed the highest protection factor (PF(r)) against sunflower-oil-induced oxidative rancidity. Its activity is comparable to the synthetic antioxidant BHT and clearly superior to natural α-tocopherol.¹³
• Antitumor activity: Mullein (Verbascum thapsus) has been studied for antitumor activity on five human liver cancer cell lines.¹⁴
• A constituent isolated from mullein flowers, saponin glycoside and its aglycon, directly inactivates ribosomes, which may be beneficial in inhibiting protein synthesis in tumor cells.¹⁵
• Agrobacterium tumefaciens-induced tumors in potato disc tissue were inhibited by all extracts of mullein (Verbascum thapsus).¹⁶
• Antiviral activity: Mullein (Verbascum thapsiforme) has been studied in in vitro tests to have inhibitory and antiviral activity against Herpes simplex type 1 virus.^17,7,18 In another study Mullein (Verbascum thapsiforme) showed antiviral activity in vitro against several influenza A strains, a strain of influenza B and Herpes simplex virus. Mullein (Verbascum thapsiforme) again showed antiviral activity against the Herpes simples virus, however did not inactivate the influenza strains.¹⁹
• Serkedijieva et al. revealed in a study of the inhibitory effects of mullein (Verbascum thapsiforme) combined with three amantadine derivatives on the influenza virus A/chicken/Germany/27; strain Weybridge (H7N7) that the combination enhanced antiviral effects.²⁰

 

Pharmacodynamics/Kinetics:

• Insufficient available evidence.

 

References

1. Abougazar, H., Bedir, E., Khan, I. A., and Calis, I. Wiedemanniosides A-E: new phenylethanoid glycosides from the roots of Verbascum wiedemannianum. Planta Med2003;69(9):814-819. 14598206
2. Miyase, T., Horikoshi, C., Yabe, S., Miyasaka, S., Melek, F. R., and Kusano, G. Saikosaponin homologues from Verbascum spp. The structures of mulleinsaponins I-VII. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo)1997;45(12):2029-2033. 9433773
3. Aligiannis, N., Mitaku, S., Tsitsa-Tsardis, E., Harvala, C., Tsaknis, I., Lalas, S., and Haroutounian, S. Methanolic extract of Verbascum macrurum as a source of natural preservatives against oxidative rancidity. J Agric Food Chem 12-3-2003;51(25):7308-7312. 14640576
4. Klimek, B. Hydroxycinnamoyl ester glycosides and saponins from flowers of Verbascum phlomoides. Phytochemistry 1996;43(6):1281-1284. 8987909
5. Bom, I., van Wassenaar, D., and Boot, J. Hybrid affinity chromatography of alpha-galactosidase from Verbascum thapsus L. J ChromatogrA 5-29-1998;808(1-2):133-139. 9652115
6. Herissey, H., Fleury, P., Wickstrom, A., Courtois, J. E., and Le Dizet, P. [Action of periodic acid and of alpha-galactosidase on the galactosides of sucrose isolated from the roots of the common mullein.]. Bull Soc Chim Biol (Paris) 1954;36(11-12):1519-1524. 14378851
7. Slagowska, A., Zgorniak-Nowosielska, I., and Grzybek, J. Inhibition of herpes simplex virus replication by Flos verbasci infusion. Pol J Pharmacol Pharm 1987;39(1):55-61. 2823239
8. Hartleb, I. and Seifert, K. Triterpenoid saponins from Verbascum songaricum. Phytochemistry 1995;38(1):221-224. 7766054
9. Magiatis, P., Spanakis, D., Mitaku, S., Tsitsa, E., Mentis, A., and Harvala, C. Verbalactone, a new macrocyclic dimer lactone from the roots of Verbascum undulatum with antibacterial activity. J Nat Prod2001;64(8):1093-1094. 11520236
10. Courtois, J. E., Wickstrom, A., Fleury, P., and Le Dizet, P. [Glucose cerebrosides derived from sucrose cerebrosides insolated from the common mullein.]. Bull Soc Chim Biol (Paris)1955;37(9-10):1009-1021. 13304586
11. Tadeg, H., Mohammed, E., Asres, K., and Gebre-Mariam, T. Antimicrobial activities of some selected traditional Ethiopian medicinal plants used in the treatment of skin disorders.J Ethnopharmacol 8-22-2005;100(1-2):168-175. 16054532
12. Turker, A. U. and Camper, N. D. Biological activity of common mullein, a medicinal plant.J Ethnopharmacol  2002;82(2-3):117-125. 12241986
13. Aligiannis, N., Mitaku, S., Tsitsa-Tsardis, E., Harvala, C., Tsaknis, I., Lalas, S., and Haroutounian, S. Methanolic extract of Verbascum macrurum as a source of natural preservatives against oxidative rancidity. J Agric Food Chem12-3-2003;51(25):7308-7312. 14640576
14. Lin, L. T., Liu, L. T., Chiang, L. C., and Lin, C. C. In vitro anti-hepatoma activity of fifteen natural medicines from Canada. Phytother Res2002;16(5):440-444. 12203264
15. Galasinski, W., Chlabicz, J., Paszkiewicz-Gadek, A., Marcinkiewicz, C., and Gindzienski, A. The substances of plant origin that inhibit protein biosynthesis. Acta Pol Pharm1996;53(5):311-318. 9415207
16. Turker, A. U. and Camper, N. D. Biological activity of common mullein, a medicinal plant. J Ethnopharmacol2002;82(2-3):117-125. 12241986
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German Commission E Monographs flos

German Commission D Monographs preparation