Kokotac (Melilotus officinalis L.)
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Melilotus officinalis Phytochemical and Constituents.:
Yellow Sweetclover Yellow melilot clover Melilotus officinalis Lam Constituents:Coumarin, the crystalline substance developed under the drying process, is the only important constituent, together with its related compounds, hydrocoumaric (melilotic) acid, orthocoumaric acid and melilotic anhydride, or lactone, a fragrant oil.
The standardised extract contains Coumarin, coumaric acid, hydrocoumarin. The active substances of Yellow Sweet clover are also cited to reduce inflammation and increase the amount of blood flow through the veins back to the heart. Linnea Yellow sweet clover extract is standardised to minimum 17% Coumarin.
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Pharmacological Effects:Melilotus officinalis.:
Yellow Sweetclover Yellow melilot clover Melilotus officinalis Lam Chronic venous insufficiency.:
A comparative clinical study was run to evaluate the efficacy of the association of alphatoco-pherol,rutin, melilotus officinalis, and centella asiatica with oral administration in patients with chronic venous insufficiency.
Thirty patients with chronic venous insufficiency were random-ized in two groups of fifteen subjects (control and treatment group). During the period of treatment the patients did not wear elastocompressive stockings. The therapeutic efficacy and the clinical tolerability of this association have been valued with clini-cal-instrumental evaluations and by a control after 15 and 30 days. Functional bothers, cramps and the edema have been val-ued in function presence and of their gravity with a clinical-score between 0 and 4. At the end of the observation period, a signifi-cant improvement of the clinical symptomatology was obtained,characterised by a diminution of the sovrafascial edema. The study confirmed previous clinical experiences regarding the de-scribed treatment and suggests its application in chronic venous insufficiency.
In another study conducted in 29 patients with lower limb chronic venous insufficiency and varicose the treatment with oral melilotus extract induced a relevant improvement of the symptoms and physical signs in 83% of patients.
Lymphedema of the lower limbs:
Similar results (to the above) were observed in a study enrolling patients affected by II stage lymphedema of the lower limbs. In this case a phlebolymphologic therapy aimed to activate the venous,lymphatic and macrophagic systems and to reduce the proteic lymphatic load was studied and was composed by: Coumarin 60mg/day, Ginkgo biloba 40 mg/day and Melilotus extract 40 mg/day orally given for 6 to 8 months. This trilogy induced a significant improvement of the lymphedema (limb measurement,aspect), of functional symptoms (pain, heaviness of limbs) and of physical signs (edema, episodes of infection).
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Venous and lymphatic circulation:
The melilotus extract has some specific anti-edemigenic properties linked to its direct action on the smooth muscle contractility of lymphatic vessels (pro-lymphokinetic action) and the tissular proteolytic function by macrophages (pro-macrophagic action). Due to these pharmacological activities the extract has been used in different pathologies in order to improve the venous and lymphatic circulation.
Protective effects against hypoxia in human epithelial cells:
Yellow Sweetclover Yellow melilot clover Melilotus officinalis LamGinkgo extract and other phlebotonic drugs used for the treatment of venous pathologies were studied to de-termine their toxicological effects and protective effects against hypoxia in human epithelial cells. Melilotus extract retarded cell growth at a concentration of 2 mg /ml, and EGbb (a component of Ginkgor Fort) inhibited growth at concentrations between 0.001 mg/ml and 0.007 mg/ml. For cells subjected to hypoxia for 24 hours, Melilotus extract, offered moderate to good protection thus offering support in protecting endothelial cells against hypoxia, one of the first stages of vascular disease associated with venous stasis.
Effects on coronary circulation and myocardial metabolism:
In dogs melilotus extract slightly but significantly increased the coronary blood flow and decreased myocardial oxygen consumption. The drug also slightly increased the left circumflex coronary flow and decreased blood pressure.
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Effect on mammalian GI motility:
The effect of Melilotus extract on GI transit of charcoal meal was investigated in mice. The extract orally administered to animals 90 minutes prior to the charcoal meal facilitated the GI transit. It seems likely that transitory and repetitive inhibition of motility and the decrease of GI muscle tone induced by melilotus extract may greatly contribute to facilitate the gastrointestinal transit of contents.
Wound healing and bruising:
The wound healing properties of melilotus extract have been confirmed in animal experiments.
Suppressive effect on thermal oedema. The effect of melilotus extract on thermal oedema in rats has been evaluated by both quantitative and qualitative assays. The intra-peritoneal injection of melilotus extract immediately after burn, greatly reduced the level of swelling and avoided the development of necrosis and induration in the injured leg-skin in contrast with the third degree of thermal injury observed in saline treated controls. Similar results were obtained in administering the drug four hours before burning.
Obstetrics and gynaecology – symptoms of capillary fragility:
In obstetrics and gynaecology melilotus extract has been administered in women suffering of lymphatic and venous insufficiency and capillary fragility during pregnancy and post-partum.
In more than 420 patients the extract was orally administered at dosages between 4 e 60 mg/day in three daily administrations for 20 days a month up to a maximum of three months.The signs (oedema, venous dilatation, varices,hemorrhoids, etc) and symptoms (pain, fatigue, etc) of venous insufficiency were substantially reduced in more than 60% of treated women. In one trial 15 patients with pre-menstrual syndrome were also studied with the same dosages and the symptomatology was improved in the 87% of cases.
Hemorrhoids: Sweet Clover has been shown to help reduce inflammation and swelling as well as support wound healing.
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Medicinal Uses:
Yellow Sweet Clover (Melilotus officinalis), also known as Yellow Melilot, is a legume sometimes grown for forage. Its characteristic sweet odor, intensified by drying, is derived from coumarin.It has been used in herbal medicine. Yellow sweet clover is a major source of nectar for an apiary.
Yellow Sweet Clover started to be used long years before and its important role got high attention in natural supplemental industry today,generally, it shows good properties and characters of following field:treatments of wounds, inflammation, swollen joints, stomach ulcers,Swollen,twisted veins and haemorrhoids,Phlebitis and thrombosis treatment and act as an anticoagulant,Antispasmodic,Antibacterial;Astringent; Discutient,Emollient;strongly laxative; Narcotic; Poultice,good for treatment of Bowel complaints and infantile diarrhoea,Improving blood circulation,for varicose veins and hemorrhoids,etc.
Yellow Sweet Clover extract a natural tonic of the venous system natural tonic of the venous system natural tonic of the venous system natural tonic of the venous system – — – Herbal relief for the symptoms of Herbal relief for the symptoms of Herbal relief for the symptoms of Herbal relief for the symptoms of chronic circulation pathol chronic circulation pathol chronic circulation pathol chronic circulation pathologies. ogies. ogies. ogies. Melilotus, or Yellow Sweet Clover, is a perennial herb taken internally to help relieve the symptoms associated with chronic pathologies of the circulation such as night cramps, itching and swelling in the legs. It is also utilized for vein inflammation, blood clots, hemorrhoids and congestion of the lymph system. Used externally it may also assist the healing of bruises.
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Swollen,twisted veins and haemorrhoids: Melilot, used either externally or internally, can help treat swollen and twisted veins and haemorrhoids though it requires a long-term treatment for the effect to be realised.
Phlebitis and thrombosis treatment and anticoagulant: Use of the plant also helps to reduce the risk of phlebitis and thrombosis. Melilot contains coumarins and, as the plant dries or spoils, these become converted to dicoumarol, a powerful anticoagulant. Thus the plant should be used with some caution, it should not be prescribed to patients with a history of poor blood clotting or who are taking warfarin medication.
Antispasmodic: The flowering plant is antispasmodic, aromatic, and has agents that relieves and removes gas from the digestive system, that induces urination, that softens and soothes the skin when applied locally, and agents that induces the removal (coughing up) of mucous secretions from the lungs. It is mildly sedative and has agents that help in healing wounds, fresh cuts, etc., usually when used as a poultice. A tea has been used in the treatment of sleeplessness, nervous tension, neuralgia, palpitations, swollen and twisted veins, painful congestive menstruation, in the prevention of thrombosis, flatulence and intestinal disorders.
External Uses: Externally, it is used to treat eye inflammations, rheumatic pains, swollen joints, severe bruising, boils and erysipelas, whilst a decoction is added to the bath-water. The flowering plant is harvested in the summer and can be dried for later use. A distilled water obtained from the flowering tops is an effective treatment for conjunctivitis.
Disclaimer: Antibacterial; Anticoagulant; Astringent; Emollient; Laxative; Narcotic; Poultice.
Bowel complaints and infantile diarrhoea: The seed is made into a gruel and used in the treatment of bowel complaints and infantile diarrhoea.
Discutient, emollient, astringent, strongly laxative: The plant is discutient, emollient, astringent, strongly laxative and narcotic. It is used externally as a poultice or plaster on swellings.
Anticoagulant: The plant contains coumarin, which is an anticoagulant.
Bactericide: The plant also contains dicumarol, which is a broad spectrum bactericide.
Improving blood circulation,for varicose veins and hemorrhoids: Sweet clover leaves and flowering branches have been used for improving blood circulation, and for varicose veins and hemorrhoids.
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Medicinal Actions:
The herb has aromatic, emollient and carminative properties. It was formerly much esteemed inmedicine as an emollient and digestive and is recommended by Gerard for many complaints, the juice for clearing the eyesight, and, boiled with lard and other ingredients, as an application to wens and ulcers, and mixed with wine, ‘it mitigateth the paine of the eares and taketh away the paine of the head.’
Culpepper tells us that the head is to be washed with the distilled herb for loss of senses and apoplexy, and that boiled in wine, it is good for inflammation of the eye or other parts of the body.
Other Uses:
Yellow Sweetclover Yellow melilot clover Melilotus officinalis LamThe leaves contain coumarin and they release the pleasant smell of newly mown hay when they are drying. The leaves can be dried and used as an insect repellent, especially in order to repel moths from clothing. They can be put in pillows, mattresses etc.
Poorly dried or fermented leaves produce a substance called dicoumarol. This is a potent anti-coagulant which is extremely poisonous in excess, it prevents the blood from coagulating and so it is possible to bleed to death from very small wounds. Dicoumarol is used in rat poisons. The plant can be used as a green manure, enriching the soil with nitrogen as well a providing organic matter.
Repellent.The leaves repel insects. They have been placed in beds to repel bedbugs.
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Melilotus officinalis Uses Guide and Administration.:
Yellow Sweetclover Yellow melilot clover Melilotus officinalis Lam How to Use: Take this product by mouth as directed. Follow all directions on the product package. If you are uncertain about any of the information, consult your doctor or pharmacist. If your condition persists or worsens, or if you think you may have a serious medical problem, seek immediate medical attention.
Side Effects: Tell your doctor immediately if you have any of these very unlikely but serious side effects: headache, mental/mood changes, stomach pain, yellowing eyes or skin, dark urine, unusual bleeding or bruising. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.
Precautions: If you have any of the following health problems, consult your doctor before using this product: liver disease. Liquid preparations of this product may contain sugar and/or alcohol. Caution is advised if you have diabetes, alcohol dependence or liver disease. Ask your doctor or pharmacist about the safe use of this product. Sweet clover is not recommended for use during pregnancy. Consult your doctor before using this product. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.Thus the plant should be used with some caution, it should not be prescribed to patients with a history of poor blood clotting or who are taking warfarin medication.
Drug Interactions: Before using this product, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all prescription and nonprescription medications you may use, especially of: „blood thinners“ (e.g., warfarin, heparin).
Toxicity and Safety: The clinical use of melilotus extract is generally safe and patients have reported few side effects while on treatment: epigastric burning, headache, diarrhoea.No severe adverse events have been observed during treatment with the product.
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Reference:
1.Melilotus officinalis Lam:great favourites of the bees.The King’s Clover and Its Fragrance.
Article Information:
♥The article and literature were edited by Herbalist of MDidea Extracts Professional.It runs a range of descriptions about the titled herb and related phytochemicals, including comprehensive information related, summarized updating discoveries from findings of herbalists and clinical scientists from this field.The electronic data information published at our official website https://www.mdidea.com and https://www.mdidea.net, we tried to update it to latest and exact as possible.